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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Recommended Training
CWAP self-paced training kit, Training Class

Exam Name
Wireless Analysis Professional

Exam Code
CWAP-404 CWAP

Sample Questions
CWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section
Objectives

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods
- Select capture devices

Laptop protocol analyzers
APs, controllers, and other management solutions
Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

- Install monitor mode drivers
- Select capture location(s)
- Capture sufficient data for analysis
- Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
- Capture roaming events

Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools
- Save to disk
- Packet slicing
- Event triggers
- Buffer options
- Channels and channel widths
- Capture filters
- Channel scanning and dwell time

Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions
- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
- View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
- View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
- Use expert mode for analysis
- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis

Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting
- WLAN scanners and discovery tools
- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
- Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools

Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types
- Define the problem
- Determine the scale of the problem
- Identify probable causes
- Capture and analyze the data
- Observe the problem
- Choose appropriate remediation steps
- Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers
- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views

Real-time FFT
Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
Utilization and duty cycle
Detected devices
WLAN integration views

Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues
- RF noise floor in an environment
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
- Sources of RF interference and their locations
- RF channel utilization
- Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
- Poor performing or faulty radios

Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures
- Identify various 802.11 PHYs

DSSS
OFDM
OFDMA
Channel widths
Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

Frequency hopping devices
IoT devices
Microwave ovens
Video devices
RF Jammers
Cordless phones

Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions
- AP-based spectrum analysis
- Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)
- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
- HT (High Throughput)
- VHT (Very High Throughput)
- HE (High Efficiency)

HE SU PPDU
HE MU PPDU
HE ER SU PPDU
HE TB PPDU
HE NULL data packets

Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data

Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers
- Pseudo-Header formats

Radiotap
Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Key pseudo-header content

Guard intervals
Resource units allocation
PPDU formats
Signal strength
Noise
Data rate and MCS index
Length information
Channel center frequency or received channel
Channel properties

Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers

Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types
- Supported PHYs
- Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation
- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)

Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis
- Management, Control, and Data frames
- MAC frame formats and contents

Frame Control field
To DS and From DS fields
Address fields
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

- 802.11 Management frame formats

Information Elements
Authentication
Association and Reassociation
Beacon
Prove Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data frame formats
- 802.11 Control frame formats

Acknowledgement (ACK)
Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
Block Acknowledgement and related frames
Trigger frames
VHT/HE NDP announcements
Multiuser RTS

Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis
- Country code
- Minimum basic rate
- Supported rates and coding schemes
- Beacon interval
- WMM settings
- RSN settings
- HT/VHT/HE operations
- Channel width
- Primary channel
- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs

Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

WLAN Medium Access - 10%

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CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q132-Q137):

NEW QUESTION # 132
You're the WLAN administrator for a large retailer based at the HQ in New York. The London-based office has been complaining about WLAN disconnections around lunch time each day. You suspect this might be interference from the staff microwave, how might you test your theory from the New York office?

A. Access the microwave remotely and run a diagnostic check
B. Ask a local member of staff to take some pictures of the microwave, including some close-ups of the door seal so that you can assess it
C. Place one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode and monitor the situation over lunch time
D. Ask a local member of staff to change the frequency of the microwave and see if the disconnections stop

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The best way to test the theory of microwave interference from the New York office is to use a remote spectrum analyzer. By placing one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode, you can capture and analyze the RF spectrum in the London office over lunch time. You can then look for any signs of microwave interference, such as high duty cycle, high amplitude, or frequency hopping on the 2.4 GHz band. This method does not require any physical access tothe microwave or any changes to its frequency. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 64

NEW QUESTION # 133
You are working in an organization that has implemented an SCA-based WLAN.
You want to change the RF channel for a single AP.
What can you do to perform this task with some SCA solutions?

A. Access the AP using Telnet and change the channel
B. Access the AP through the console port and change the channel
C. Access the AP using SSH and change the channel
D. Convert the network to MCA

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 134
Which one of the following should be the first step when troubleshooting a WLAN issue?

A. Identify probable causes
B. Define the problem
C. Identify capture locations
D. Perform an initial WLAN scan and see if any obvious issues stand out

Answer: B

Explanation:
The first step in any troubleshooting process is to define the problem. This involves gathering information from various sources, such as users, network administrators, network documentation, and network monitoring tools. Defining the problem helps to narrow down the scope of the issue and identify the symptoms, causes, and effects of the problem.

NEW QUESTION # 135
Which piece of information Is not transmitted in an HT PDDU header?

A. MCS index
B. Channel number
C. Number of Spatial Streams
D. PPDU length

Answer: B

Explanation:
The channel number is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header. An HT PPDU header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, data rate, and number of spatial streams for an 802.11n transmission. The channel number is not included in the HT PPDU header, as it is determined by the frequency band and channel width that are used by the transmitter and receiver. The channel number can be inferred from the frequency band and channel width, which are indicated by bits in different fields of the HT PPDU header, such as HT- SIG and HT-LTF. The other options are not correct, as they are transmitted in an HT PPDU header. The number of spatial streams, PPDU length, and MCS index are indicated by bits in the HT-SIG field of the HT PPDU header.

NEW QUESTION # 136
You are creating a baseline configuration for a pool of 100 laptops related to Wi-Fi.
The laptops have dual- band 802.11ac adapters. They are configured for aggressive roaming.
What additional setting might you configure to ensure they access the WLAN on the channels with the least interference assuming the enterprise WLAN is well-designed?

A. Band preference
B. USB speed
C. 802.11h
D. Power management

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 137
......

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